Table 1 Socio-demographic and behavioural characteristics of participants with and without T2DM co-morbidity
Variables | Total (N = 450) | DM/HIV status | \({{\varvec{\chi}}}^{2}\) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HIV only N (%) | DM/HIV N (%) | ||||
Residence | |||||
 Rural | 107 (23.8) | 103 (26.9) | 4 (6.0) | 13.77 |  < 0.05* |
 Urban | 343 (76.2) | 280 (73.1) | 63 (94.0) | ||
Gender | |||||
 Women | 259 (57.6) | 209 (54.6) | 50 (74.6) | 9.4 |  < 0.05* |
 Men | 191 (42.4) | 174 (45.4) | 17 (25.4) | ||
Age | |||||
  ≤ 35 | 89 (19.8) | 71 (18.5) | 18 (26.9) | 2.5 | 0.05* |
  > 35 | 361 (80.2) | 312 (81.5) | 49 (73. 1) | ||
Marital status | |||||
 Married | 332 (73.8) | 302 (78.9) | 30 (44.8) | 34.2 | 0.05* |
 Unmarried | 118 (26.2) | 81 (21.1) | 37 (55.2) | ||
Education | |||||
 No education | 17 (3.8) | 17 (4.4) | 0 (0.0) | 15.3 | 0.05* |
 Primary education | 39 (8.7) | 39 (10.2) | 0 (0.0) | ||
 Secondary | 224 (49.8) | 193 (50.4) | 31 (46.3) | ||
 Higher education | 170 (37.8) | 134 (35.0) | 36 (53.7) | ||
Occupation | |||||
 Unemployed | 140 (31.1) | 130 (33.9) | 10 (14.9) | 24.5 | 0.05* |
 Self-employed | 224 (49.8) | 172 (44.9) | 52 (77.6) | ||
 Formally employed | 86 (19.1) | 81 (21.1) | 5 (7.5) | ||
BMI | |||||
 Obese | 80 (17.8) | 75 (19.6) | 5 (7.5) | 5.7 | 0.05* |
 Not obese | 370 (82.2) | 308 (80.4) | 62 (92.5) | ||
Alcohol | |||||
 No | 239 (53.1) | 193 (50.4) | 46 (68.7) | 7.6 | 0.05* |
 yes | 211 (46.9) | 190 (49.6) | 21 (31.3) | ||
Smoking | |||||
 No | 355 (78.9) | 293 (76.5) | 62 (92.5) | 8.8 | 0.05* |
 Yes | 95 (21.1) | 90 (23.5) | 5 (7.5) | ||
Fast foods/fried foods | |||||
 Rarely eat | 353 (78.4) | 300 (78.3) | 53 (79.1) | 0.02 | 0.887 |
 At least five times a day | 97 (21.6) | 83 (21.7) | 14 (20.9) |  |  |
Fruits and vegetables | |||||
 Rarely eat | 77 (17.1) | 67 (17.5) | 10 (14.9) | 0.3 | 0.607 |
 At least once a day | 373 (82.9) | 316 (82.5) | 57 (85.1) | ||
Exercising | |||||
 No | 331 (73.6) | 271 (70.8) | 60 (89.6) | 10.4 | 0.05* |
 Yes | 119 (26.4) | 112 (29.2) | 7 (10.4) |  | |