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Table 5 Summary estimates of positive and negative likelihood ratio's, using a bivariate random effects model (102, 103, 105)

From: Predicting acute uncomplicated urinary tract infection in women: a systematic review of the diagnostic accuracy of symptoms and signs

 

≥ 102 CFU/ml

≥ 103 CFU/ml

≥ 105 CFU/ml

SYMPTOM

+LR

(95% CI)

-LR

(95% CI)

+LR

(95% CI)

-LR

(95% CI)

+LR

(95% CI)

-LR

(95% CI)

Dysuria

1.30

(1.20-1.41)

0.51

(0.43-0.61)

1.31

(1.18-1.45)

0.53

(0.43-0.64)

1.22

(1.11-1.34)

0.61

(0.50-0.74)

Frequency

1.10

(1.04-1.16)

0.60

(0.49-0.74)

1.12

(1.03-1.19)

0.59

(0.46-0.76)

1.09

(1.02-1.16)

0.58

(0.42-0.79)

Back pain

0.90

(0.71-1.14)

1.07

(0.90-1.28)

0.90

(0.71-1.14)

1.07

(0.90-1.28)

    

Fever

1.28

(0.64-2.58)

0.98

(0.91-1.05)

1.39

(0.63-3.07)

0.96

(0.88-1.06)

0.90

(0.45-1.80)

1.01

(0.93-1.10

Flank pain

0.85

(0.67-1.08)

1.07

(0.98-1.17)

0.83

(0.56-1.24)

1.09

(0.92-1.29)

    

Hematuria

1.72

(1.30-2.27)

0.88

(0.83-0.93)

1.68

(1.06-2.66)

0.89

(0.82-0.98)

    

Lower abdominal pain

1.01

(0.89-1.15)

0.99

(0.87-1.13)

1.06

(0.88-1.29)

0.96

(0.83-1.10)

1.10

(0.87-1.38)

0.94

(0.82-1.08)

Nocturia

1.30

(1.08-1.56)

0.75

(0.60-0.94)

1.37

(1.13-1.65)

0.72

(0.56-0.93)

    

Urgency

1.22

(1.11-1.34)

0.73

(0.62-0.86)

1.28

(1.11-1.47)

0.74

(0.64-0.85)

1.17

(1.04-1.31)

0.70

(0.57-0.86)

Vaginal discharge

0.65

(0.51-0.83)

1.10

(1.01-1.20)

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